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Basaglia Law
Basaglia Law or Law 180 ((イタリア語:Legge Basaglia, Legge 180)) is the Italian Mental Health Act of 1978 which signified a large reform of the psychiatric system in Italy, contained directives for the closing down of all psychiatric hospitals and led to their gradual replacement with a whole range of community-based services, including settings for acute in-patient care. The Basaglia Law is the basis of Italian mental health legislation. The principal proponent of Law 180 and its architect was Italian psychiatrist Franco Basaglia. Therefore, Law 180 is known as the “Basaglia Law” from the name of its promoter. The Parliament of Italy enacted Law 180 on May 13, 1978, and thereby initiated the gradual dismantling of psychiatric hospitals. Implementation of the psychiatric reform law was accomplished in 1998 which marked the very end of the state psychiatric hospital system in Italy. The Law has had worldwide impact as other counties took up widely the Italian model. It was ''Democratic Psychiatry'' which was essential in the birth of the reform law of 1978.
== General objectives ==
The general objectives of Law 180/78 included creating a decentralised community service of treating and rehabilitating mental patients and preventing mental illness and promoting comprehensive treatment, particularly through services outside a hospital network. Law 180/78 introduced significant change in the provision of psychiatric care.〔 The emphasis has shifted from defense of society towards better meeting of patients' wants through community care.〔 New hospitalizations to the “old style” mental hospitals stopped instantly.〔 The law required re-hospitalizations to cease without two years.〔 Nobody was involuntarily discharged into the community.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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